Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that infects people of all ages. In the United States, nearly one in three children is already infected with CMV by age 5 years. Over half of adults by age 40 have been infected with CMV. Once CMV is in a person's body, it stays there for life and can reactivate. A person can also be re-infected with a different strain(variety) of the virus.

Most people with CMV infection have no symptoms and aren't aware that they have been infected. In some cases, infection in healthy people can cause mild illness that may include fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen glands. Occasionally, CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problem). People with weakened immune systems who get CMV can have more serious symptoms affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

In adults, illness usually occurs 3 to 8 weeks after blood transfusions and between 4 weeks and 4 months after organ transplantation.

The virus is found in blood, mucus and body fluids, secretions and excretions, semen and breast milk. It can remain alive for short periods of time on dry cold surfaces such as plastic. It is also sexually transmitted. Babies and young children in day care often transmit the disease to their caretakers.

Virus is excreted in urine and saliva for many months and may persist for many years following primary infection.

Use Universal/Standard Precautions. Careful handwashing and gloving remains the best prevention of the disease. Young women who work with babies or young children can be tested by their private physician for elevated antibody levels to see if they have acquired the disease. If pregnant and exposed to CMV notify your healthcare provider immediately.

None. Exclusion is not necessary.